Global Warming, Arctic Ice Melting and Extreme Weather

 Attributing Global Warming to Extreme Weather Events

Ten years ago from a scientific viewpoint vis--vis climate, attempting to attribute to global warming for producing a particular Category 3 hurricane in the North Atlantic (as Hurricane Sandy that affected New York City in 2012) would have been considered dangerous.

Today, it is ably understood that during the last century the earth's seas have been absorbing solar activity that has not returned to the vent. As a result, the seas' aspire temperature is increasing. Climate scientists are now investigating how global warming is affecting what would be considered extreme weather undertakings in determined geographical areas. Swanson (2013) summarizes the idea of the association surrounded by the greenhouse effect, global warming, and extreme weather behavior, pointing out that the likelihood of these extreme weather activities is increasingly tied to manmade global warming-too much carbon dioxide monster emitted into the statement. This is not an abstract idea anymore. It is felt concerning all level. [1]

Global Warming and the Arctic's Ice Melting

As a consequences of global warming, temperatures in the Arctic Ocean have been rising. This well along temperature is extending the summer melting of Arctic ice expertly into the slip and winter. Arctic areas that were formerly covered by white reflecting snow have now been replaced by dark home and sea areas that play in not reflect sunlight. Estimating the amount of glacier layer free in Greenland, Jay Zwall of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, sour out that each year from the conventional snowfall "20 percent more" ice is coming out. Biello (2006) [2] Given that this sunlight is no longer reflected, this simulation is now absorbed by the ocean, causing auxiliary warming of the sea and reinforcing the Arctic ice shelf melt effect.

This melting is causing significant changes in the Jet Stream (narrow, nimbly all along westerly winds flowing west to east on zenith of the northern zones of the US, Canada, Europe, and Asia), which is the most important pressure (difference) gradient in the appearance affecting the northern center latitudes' winter weather.

Fundamental changes in the Jet Stream are caused by Global Warming

The Jet Stream may be seen as waves in crests and valleys moving regarding the center of the Northern Hemisphere bending expertly north and south. The temperature gradient (difference) amid the Arctic latitudes and the North Atlantic latitude reduces in autumn, gone the Arctic Ocean liberates the subsidiary sun computer graphics absorbed from incremental ice melting produced by global warming. Then, the difference concerning flavor pressure in the midst of the two pressure fields is after that shortened, and the readiness of Jet Stream west-to-east winds is also condensed.

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Two pressure fields are vibrancy in the Northern Hemisphere. The Arctic Oscillation, or AO, -determined or negative- pressure sports ground covering from parallel 70 north latitude to the North Pole, and the North Atlantic Oscillation, or NAO, -certain or negative- pressure auditorium that covers from parallel 70 north latitude to the subtropics. Now, firm that the NAO pressure auditorium affected by global warming is more likely to be negative in autumn and winter, it is more likely that the Jet Stream can be altered in winter.

Extreme Warm U.S. & Cold European Winters 2011-2012

As mentioned to the fore, global warming produces an effect upon the extent of Arctic ice melting. More of the sun's simulation is absorbed in the summer by the sea, and subsequently this heat is liberated by the Arctic Sea in the autumn, reducing the pressure (difference) gradient together amid the Arctic Oscillation pressure field and the North Atlantic Oscillation pressure auditorium, and the Jet Stream slows. The pressure gradient in the midst of the AO and the NAO becomes fragile, making easier a larger Jet Stream be inoffensive extending farther north or south.

Winter 2011-2012

During the winter 2011-2012, utterly hot temperatures developed in the northeast United States. The Jet Stream bent farther north than within sufficient limits more than the northeast center states of the U.S., which allowed the semitropical hot allocate breathe to go as in the cut off from away north as the U.S.-Canada fix, and it stayed there for a long times. Besides, La Nia (which means the pressure oscillation that originates in the South Pacific) was as well as gift. This climate phenomenon tends to deviate the Jet Stream northward anew the northeast U.S.